Mongol Empire Timeline

INTRODUCTION TO THE MONGOL EMPIRE:
     The Mongols were nomadic people who lived in present-day Mongolia.  They made clans to move around with and had tents that were easily taken down and put back up.  Their first Emperor was Temujin, who was called Genghis Khan and led Mongolia  into war and helped Mongolia become the largest empire of all time.  He first attacked the empire.  He was led to do this because that was the empire that poisened his father and clan leader when he was young.  The Mongol Empire was the largest empire to ever set foot on Earth.



MORE INFORMATION ABOUT EVENTS:

Temujin is Born:
Temujin, the son of a Mongol chieftain, is born. He marres Borte, his first wife, but she is kidnapped by the Merkits, a rival tribe. He unifies his army to free his wife. After rescuing her he goes on a fight other tribes. At the end he establish a police to support the soldiers.

Temujin assumes the title of Genghis Khan:
Temujin becomes the ruler of the Ikh Mongol Uls at the kurultai (the general assembly of the tribes) and assumes the name Genghis Khan, which means "universal leader."

Genghis Khan expands the empire:
Khan, pressured by both spiritual needs and scarcity of food, attacks the kingdom of Xi Xia, and after two years he forces it to surrender. Lured by rich rice fields, Genghis Khan then attacks Northern China under the Jin Dynasty, starting a war that lasts twenty years.

The Pax Mongolia begins:
Pax Mongolica is a historiographical term which describes the stabilizing effects of the conquests of the Mongol Empire on the social, cultural, and economic life of the inhabitants. It is used to describe the eased communication and commerce the unified administration helped to create, and the period of relative peace that followed the Mongols' vast conquests.

Genghis Khan dies:
On August 18, 1227, while putting down a revolt in the kingdom of Xi Xia, Genghis Khan died. On his deathbed, he ordered that Xi Xia be wiped from the face of the earth. Obedient as always, Khan’s successors leveled whole cities and towns, killing or enslaving all their inhabitants.

Ogedei starts a war against the Jin Dynasty:
The Great Khan Ogedei personally leads his army against the Jin Dynasty in China. His general, Subutai, captures the Emperor Wanyan's capital city, Kaifeng. Three Mongol armies form an alliance with the Song Dynasty and finish off the Jin. After the defeat of the Jin Dynasty, Ogedei orders the construction of the Tumen Amgalan Ord.

Ogedei dies:
Ogedei dies, which forces Batu Khan, Genghis Khan's grandson and leader of the Golden Horde, to withdraw his invasion of Europe, which had reached the Holy Roman Empire. Batu Khan is forced to return for the kurultai to select Ogedei's successor but he refuses, sparking a four-year stalemate.

Mongke Khan succeeds as a ruler:
A division in the empire is caused between the family of one of Genghis Khan’s son, Ogedei, and his other son’s family, Mongke.  Mongke becomes the new ruler and decides to bloodily kill his brother and his family, Ogedei.

Baghdad is captured:
Under the leadership of Hulagu Khan, Baghdad is besieged and captured in 1258. This represents the fall of the Abbasid Caliphate and opens the way for further conquest into the Middle East.

Mongke Khan dies:
Kublai Khan becomes the Great Khan:
After a protracted civil war, Ariqboqe surrenders to Kublai Khan at Shangdu. He defeats the Song Dynasty in southern China and puts his own regime in place, called the Yuan, which makes the Mongols the first non-Chinese people to conquer all of China.

Mongol Empire ends:
After Kublai Khan, the Mongols disintegrate into competing entities and lose influence. In 1368, the Ming Dynasty overthrows the Yuan, the Mongols' ruling power, thus signifying the end of the empire.